Friday 12 October 2012

Concept of Culture in Islam


In general, culture can be understood as the result of reason, intellect, creativity, taste, and the work of human intention can not be separated from the divine values. The result of a mind, intellect, feeling and intention that has been selected by universal human values ​​developed into a civilization. In its development should be guided by revelation and the rules that bind in order not to be trapped by the ambition that comes from animal passions that would harm themselves. Here the religion of Islam served to guide humans in developing cultural intelligence to produce a civilized culture or civilization of Islam. In connection with the results of cultural development based on the values ​​of divinity or the so-called civilization of Islam, the religion's function here will be more obvious. When the development and dynamics of human life itself experiencing numbness due to limitations in solving the problem. Her own life will be felt the need of a guidance. Divine Revelation appoint an apostle of the human race is targeted guidance of mankind. By karen Muhammad's primary mission is to be appointed as an apostle of mercy to all mankind and the universe. He began his apostolic task Prophet laid the foundations of Islamic culture that evolved into Islamic civilization. When preaching Islamic Arabia and spread out to the whole world, then there was a long, complicated process, namely assimilation of local cultures with the values ​​of Islam which then produce Islamic culture. This later evolved universal.

Intellectual History of Islam

By using the theory developed by Harun Nasution in terms of its development, the intellectual history of Islam can be grouped into three stages, the classical period between 630-1250 AD, during the mid-namely in 1250-1800 AD, and the modern era since 1800-present. During the classical schools of birth scholars like Imam Hanafi, Hambali Imam, Imam Shafi, Imam Malik. Correspondingly also born Muslim philosophers like Al-Kindi (801 AD), the first Muslim philosopher. Among the thoughts he argued: Muslims should accept Islam as a cultural philosophy. In addition to Al-Kindi (801 AD) at the time of birth is also great philosophers like Al Razi '(865 M), Al Farrabi (870 AD), he is known as a builder of grand philosophical system. In the next century philosopher born as well as Ibn miskanai (903 M) thoughts known about the education of Islam, Ibn Sina (1307 AD), Ibn Majah (1138 AD), Ibn Tufa'in (1147), Ibn Rush (1126 M). During the middle of the 1250-1800 M in record time thinking Islam is a phase of decline since philosophy began to be kept away from the tendency of Muslims so there is reason to be contrasted with revelation, faith with science, the world of the afterlife. His influence is still felt to this day. Some contemporary Islamic thought often hurl accusations against Al Ghazali who keep writing philosophy with religion as fahafutul talasifah (confusion philosophy) Al-Ghazali's writings by Ibn Rush answered with the words (confusion on confusion). At this time there is a fundamental question that is often asked Muslim intellectuals. Why Muslims can not master modern science and technology?. The answer is very simple, that is because people do not want to continue the tradition of Islamic scholarship done by the scholars of the classical era. In modern times Muslims began lulled the splendor that is material. As an example the case in modern times there is no born Muslim scholars and leaders caliber world born of rich countries in the middle east.

Mosques as centers of Islamic Civilization

Mosques in general understood as a place of worship like prayer mosque fact function wider than a prayer. In the early days of shifting the mosque's prayer is its main function. However, keep in mind the mosque at the time of the Prophet serves as the center of civilization. Prophet purify the souls of the Muslims, the Qur'an teaches and Al Hadiths, consulted in resolving the problem of the Muslims, the Muslims establish the nature of the people of different religions and races, making efforts to improve the welfare of the people it came from the mosque. Mosque used as a symbol of the unity of the Islamic ummah for about 700 years since the Prophet established the first mosque. The function of the mosque is still solid, original as the center of worship and civilization. Schools and universities were then springing up, instead of mosques. Al-Azhar Mosque in Egypt is one example of a very widely known to the Muslims of Indonesia. The mosque is able to provide scholarships to students and the students, even the poverty alleviation program was a real mosque.

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